成人神经肌肉型侧弯

成人神经肌肉型侧弯

神经肌肉问题可以从神经损害与肌肉损害两方面影响脊柱。这类脊柱问题较特发性脊柱侧弯少见。最常见的神经肌肉失常为脑瘫、肌肉萎缩、Duchene 肌肉营养失调、脊髓灰质炎和外伤所致等。成人脊椎裂会根据受累节段不同而发展为不同形式的脊柱畸形,早期出现的脊柱畸形在成年后持续或继续恶化亦会常发生于成年期的脊柱畸形,而在后期出现神经肌肉问题如帕金森病和多发性硬化亦会导致脊柱畸形。

畸形的类型

根据神经肌肉病和受影响的神经节段,畸形会影响颈椎、颈胸部、胸椎、胸腰椎及腰椎,或影响多个部位。主要表现为侧弯、后凸、前凸或混合畸形。

表征

成人若出现持续的畸形会出现疼痛,逐渐影响功能如坐姿不平衡,特别是四肢瘫痪和半身瘫痪患者。有些病例由于胸壁肌肉瘫痪如脊髓灰质炎,会对肺或呼吸造成影响。


图1A: 40岁男性患者,脑瘫,四肢僵直,逐渐失去坐姿平衡

图2A:19岁女性患者,脊髓病后凸侧弯畸形

图2B:坐姿矫正支具
The Scoliosis Research Society provides information on these web pages regarding research and links as a public service. The SRS believes that patients should contact their treating physician about the relevance of any information listed on the site prior to proceeding with any particular treatment. Just as no two individuals are exactly alike, no two patients with a spinal deformity are the same. Therefore, your spinal deformity surgeon will be the most important source of information about the management of your particular spinal problem.