Kyphosis

Congenital Kyphosis

Definition and Classification
In the first six to eight weeks of embryonic life, a genetic mistake occurs that results in the failure of formation or failure of segmentation on the front part of one or more vertebral bodies and disc. This defect causes the spine to develop a sharp forward angle as it grows. The forward bend of the spine is called kyphosis and is considered to be congenital as it occurred prior to birth. Congenital kyphosis is not passed through families but rather something that happened for no known reason. The spine may appear straight when viewed from the front, or there may be congenital scoliosis as well.

There are two basic types of congenital kyphosis: failure of formation and failure of segmentation. The failure of formation (Type I deformity) of a portion of one or more vertebral bodies results in kyphosis that usually worsens with growth (Figure 1). The deformity is usually visible at birth as a lump or bump on the infant's spine. The failure of segmentation deformity (Type II deformity) occurs as two or more vertebrae fail to separate and to form normal discs and rectangular bones. This type of congenital kyphosis is often more likely to be diagnosed later, after the child is walking.

Congenital Kyphosis

Figure 1. The left images show an MRI of multiple wedged vertebrae depicted in the illustration. The right images demonstrate failure of segmentation. The CT 3D reconstruction shows an example of combined vertebrae.

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