• Patient & Family
  • Main
  • Choose a Different Language
    • العربية (Arabic)
    • 中文 (Chinese)
    • Française (French)
    • 日本 (Japanese)
    • Español (Spanish)
  • Patient Stories
    • Submit Your Own Story
      • Patient Story - Case Study Submission Form
      • Participant - Patient Consent And Release
    • View All Patient Stories
    • Stacy's Story:
      A Professional Golfer's Scoliosis Diagnosis & Treatment
    • Angela's Story:
      Idiopathic Scoliosis
    • Cody's Story:
      Neuromuscular Scoliosis
    • Jessica's Story:
      Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis and Fixed Sagittal Imbalance
    • Yessica's Story:
      Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
    • Antoinette's Story
      Adult Scoliosis Diagnosis and Treatment
    • Caitlin's Story
      Some Battles Can Be Won!
    • Marcia's Story
      Adult Scoliosis Diagnosis and Treatment
    • Hanna's Story
      Look How Much I have Grown!
  • Kyphosis
    • Congenital Kyphosis
      • Definition and Classification
      • Evaluation
      • Prognosis
      • Non-Operative Treatments
      • Surgical Treatments
        • In Situ Fusion
        • Instrumented Fusion and Osteotomy
    • Developmental Kyphosis
      • About Developmental Kyphosis
      • Nonsurgical Management
      • Surgical Treatment
    • Traumatic Kyphosis
    • Adult / Fixed Sagittal Imbalance
      • About Adult / Fixed Sagittal Imbalance
      • Types of Sagittal Imbalance
      • Causes of Fixed Sagittal Imbalance (Flatback Syndrome)
      • Nonoperative Treatment
      • Operative Treatment
  • Scoliosis
    • Common Scoliosis Questions
    • Congenital Scoliosis
      • About Congenital Scoliosis
      • Classification
      • Evaluation & Prognosis
      • Non-Operative Treatments
      • Surgical Options
        • In Situ Spinal Fusion
        • Hemi-Epiphysiodesis
        • Hemi-Vertebra Resection
        • Growing Rods
        • Expansion Thoracoplasty and VEPTR Treatment
        • Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion
    • Idiopathic Scoliosis
      • Infants
        • About Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis
        • Treatment
        • Observation
        • Casting / Bracing
        • Surgical Management
        • Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome
          • Other Diseases
          • Diagnosis
          • Treatment
          • VEPTR Expansion Thoracoplasty for Thoracic Insufficiency
      • Juveniles
        • About Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis
        • Observation
        • Bracing
        • Surgical Management
          • Growing Rods
        • Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome
          • Other Diseases
          • Diagnosis
          • Treatment
          • VEPTR Expansion Thoracoplasty for Thoracic Insufficiency
      • Adolescents
        • About Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
        • Physical Findings
        • Imaging Evaluation
        • Treatment
        • Non-Operative Treatments
          • Observation / Alternative Treatment
          • Bracing
        • Surgical Treatment
        • Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome
          • Other Diseases
          • Diagnosis
          • Treatment
          • VEPTR Expansion Thoracoplasty for Thoracic Insufficiency
      • Adults
        • About Adult Idiopathetic Scoliosis
          • Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis
          • Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
          • Post-Surgical Deformity
          • Diagnosis
          • Imaging Studies
          • Nonoperative Management
          • Surgical Treatment
        • Adult Spinal Deformity
          • Causes
          • Symptoms
          • Diagnosis
          • Radiographs
          • Treatment Options
    • Neuromuscular
      • About Neuromuscular Scoliosis
      • Indications for Surgery
      • Spinal Stabilization
  • Spondylolysis
    • Adolescent Back Pain
    • Spondylolysis
    • Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
    • Nonoperative Treatment
    • Operative Treatment
  • The Aging Spine
    • Osteoporosis and Compression Fractures
    • Osteoarthritis and Other Degenerative Conditions of the Spine:
      • Degenerative Discs and Facet Joints
      • Spinal Stenosis
      • Herniated Lumbar Disc
      • Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease
    • Pseudarthrosis
    • Scoliosis and Other Spine Deformities:
      • Adult Idiopathic and Degenerative (De Novo) Scoliosis
      • Kyphosis
  • Commonly Asked Patient Questions
    • Preface
    • Answers to Questions Commonly Asked by Patients
    • What Is Scoliosis?
    • What Is Kyphosis?
    • Do I Have Scoliosis?
    • What Are Spinal Deformities?
    • What Are the Signs of Scoliosis?
    • What Causes Scoliosis?
    • Who Gets Scoliosis?
    • What Ill Effects Can Result From Scoliosis?
    • What Should Be Done?
    • What Causes Abnormal Kyphosis?
    • Brace Treatment for Spinal Deformity
    • What Happens if the Curve Requires Surgery?
  • Frequently Asked Scoliosis Questions
    • Overview
    • Introduction to Scoliosis
    • Treatment Options for Scoliosis
    • Surgical Treatment for Scoliosis
    • Scoliosis Surgery: Things to Consider
    • Growing Up With Scoliosis
  • What Are My Treatment Options?
    • Overview
    • Observation
    • Bracing
    • Surgical Treatment
    • Living with Scoliosis
  • Glossary
  • Links
    • American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Your Orthopaedic Connection
    • Bone and Joint Decade
    • National Scoliosis Foundation
    • Scoliosis Association
    • Donate to the SRS Research Endowment Fund
• Professionals
  • Advocacy & Public Policy
    • AAOS Orthopaedic Disclosure Program
    • Advocacy Committee Newsletter Article (PDF)
    • Coding Corner
    • CMS query into the efficacy of spinal surgery (PDF)
    • Neuromonitoring Information Statement (Word)
    • Scoliosis Awareness Month
    • Scoliosis Media Guide (PDF)
    • Position Statments
      • Industry Support for Programs of the Scoliosis Research Society
      • Insurance Reimbursement for Spinal Orthosis Used in the Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis
      • Pediatric Spinal Devices
      • School Screening Programs for the Early Detection of Scoliosis
      • Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring of Neurological Spinal Cord Function During Spinal Surgery
  • Awards and Scholarships
  • Conditions and Treatment
    • Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
      • Main
      • Causes
      • Symptoms
      • Physical Findings
      • Imaging Studies
      • Treatment
    • Congenital Kyphosis
      • Main
      • Treatment
      • Prognosis
    • Congenital Scoliosis
      • Main
      • Observation
      • Bracing
      • Surgery
        • In Situ Spinal Fusion
        • Hemi-epiphysiodesis
        • Hemi Vertebra Resection
        • Growing Rods
        • VEPTR Treatment
        • Instrumentation and Fusion
      • Prognosis
    • Infantile Scoliosis
      • Main
      • Observation
      • Bracing
      • Casting
      • Surgery
        • In Situ Spinal Fusion
        • Growing Rods
        • Instrumentation and Fusion
      • Long Term Prognosis
    • Juvenile Scoliosis
      • Main
      • Observation
      • Bracing
      • Casting
      • Traction
      • Surgery
        • In Situ Spinal Fusion
        • Growing Rods
        • Instrumentation and Fusion
      • Long Term Results
    • Kyphosis in the Adolescent and Young Adult
      • Main
      • Scheuermann's Kyphosis/Disease
      • Summary
    • Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis
  • Educational Materials
    • Brochures
    • CMS Query into the Efficacy of Spinal Surgery (PDF)
    • Leadership in Orthopaedic Surgery
    • Neuromonitoring Information Statement (Word)
    • SRS Bracing Manual
      • Idiopathic Scoliosis (PDF)
      • Brace Biomechanics
      • Brace Wear Compliance (PDF)
      • Milwaukee Brace (PDF)
      • Boston Brace (PDF)
      • Wilmington Brace (PDF)
      • Charleston Brace (PDF)
      • Providence Brace (PDF)
      • 3-D Consideration
      • European Braces
      • Scheuermann's Kyphosis (PDF)
      • SpineCor System (PDF)
      • Annotated Bibliography (PDF)
  • Global Outreach
    • About the Global Outreach Program
    • Educational Materials
      • Donated Books (XLS)
      • Research Data Collection (PPT)
      • The Feasibility and Efficacy of Intraoperative Neural Monitoring in Developing Countries (PPT)
      • Segmental Instrumentation Info (XLS)
      • International Educational: Curriculum and Lectures (PPT)
      • Lunch Time Symposium (PPT)
    • Forms
      • Instructions for FOCOS database (Word)
      • FOCOS Database request form (Word)
      • Site Assessment Checklist (PPT)
      • Site Info Template (Word)
      • SRS Global Outreach Mission Report Form (Word)
      • SRS Endorsed Site Application (Word)
    • Future Meetings
    • Links
      • Children's Orthopedics in Underserved Regions (COUR)
      • Health Volunteers Overseas (HVO)
      • The Foundation of Orthopedics and Complex Spine (FOCOS)
      • US State Department Travel Advisories
    • Mission Statement
    • Other Available Programs
    • SRS Endorsed Programs
      • Sofia, Bulgaria
      • Butterfly Foundation (Fundacion Mariposa)
      • Cali, Colombia
      • Guayquil, Ecuador
      • Quito, Ecuador
      • Cairo, Egypt
      • FOCOS-Accra, Ghana
      • San Pedro Sula, Honduras
      • Indonesia
      • Vilniu, Lithuania
      • Jiotepe, Carazo, Nicaragua
      • Trinidad
      • Kampala, Uganda
      • Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar
      • Wenzhou
    • SRS Educational Scholarship
      • Previous Scholarhip Recipients
    • SRS Global Outreach Visiting Fellowship Program
  • Glossary (Medical Professionals)
    • SRS 3-D Terminology
    • SRS Biomechanics Glossary
    • SRS Revised Glossary of Terms
  • Membership
    • Main
    • Application (PDF)
    • Sliding Fee Dues Country Codes (PDF)
    • Fast Track Approach to Active Fellowship
  • Spine Deformity Journal
  • SRS E-Text
  • SRS Outcomes
    • Bibliography (PDF)
    • SRS 30 Questionnaire (PDF)
    • SRS 30 Score Sheet (PDF)
    • SRS 30 Sample Scoring (PDF)
    • SRS 24 Patient Questionnaire (PDF)
    • SRS 23 Patient Questionnaire (PDF)
    • SRS 22 Patient Questionnaire (PDF)
    • SRS 22 Scored Sample (PDF)
    • SRS 22 - Patient Questionnaire (Chinese) (PDF)
    • SRS 22 - Patient Manuscript (Chinese) (PDF)
    • SRS 22 - Patient Questionnaire (Dutch) (Word)
    • SRS 22 - Patient Questionnaire (Japanese) (PDF)
    • SRS 22 - Patient Questionnaire (Spanish) (PDF)
    • SRS 22 - Patient Questionnaire (Turkish) (PDF)
  • The Hibbs Society
    • Overview
    • Charter & Mission Statement (PDF)
    • Past Meetings
      • 2011: Louisville, Kentucky (PDF)
      • 2010: Kyoto, Japan (PPT)
      • 2008: Salt Lake City Utah (PDF)
      • 2007: Edinburgh, Scotland (PPT)
      • 2004: Buenos Aires, Argentina (PDF)
      • 2003: Quebec City, Canada (PDF)
      • 2002: Seattle, Washington
      • 2001: Cleveland, Ohio
      • 2000: Australia
  • SRS Merchandise
• Meetings
  • SRS Meetings
  • Future Meetings
  • Past Meetings
  • AAOS Orthopaedic Disclosure Program
  • Spine Related Meetings
  • Worldwide Conferences
• Research
  • For Patients
  • General Guidelines
  • Directed Research
  • Research Topics
  • Q & A
  • Grants Awarded
  • Mentor Program
    • Research Mentors
  • Outcomes
  • Grant Applications
  • BSRF Research Forum
• Support
  • Overview
  • DONATE NOW
    • Direct Giving
    • Annual Giving
    • Endowment Giving
  • SRS Shands Members
• About Us
  • Board of Directors
  • Contact Us
  • Corporate Supporters

The Aging Spine

Osteoarthritis and Other Degenerative Conditions of the Spine

• Degenerative Discs and Facet Joints
• Spinal Stenosis
• Herniated Lumbar Disc
• Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease