1. Foundation Knowledge
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1. Foundation Knowledge

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Learning Objectives Concerning: Development and Anatomy

  • Learner will be able to describe the normal embryologic development and growth of the spine and neuraxis and their relation to function.
  • Learner will be able to describe changes in spine and related structures (including lung and thoracic cage) when altered by aging and/or pathology
  • Learner will be able to identify basic anatomy, biomechanics and alignment (including 3-dimensional alignment) of the spine.
  • Learner will be able to list the major etiological factors and describe the biomechanical principles of spinal deformities.
  • Learner will be able to specify the importance of epigenetics in the development of spine pathologies. Learner will be able to describe the biology, physiology and biomechanical principles of bone growth and healing including the physes.

Learning Objectives Defining and Identifying: Clinical and Radiological Parameters; Patient Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Guiding the Treatment Decision Making Process

  • Learner will be able to perform a comprehensive history and physical examination of the patient presenting with spinal deformity.
  • Learner will be able to perform appropriate radiographic measurements to assess curve pattern, magnitude and flexibility including 3D assessment.
  • Learner will be able to describe current validated tools for HRQoL assessment including their reliability and responsiveness.

Learning Objectives Concerning: Defining, Formulating and Recommending Treatment Options, Considering Safety, and Predicting Outcomes and Potential Complications

  • Learner will be able to describe the goals and general principles of conservative treatment modalities for spinal deformities.
  • Learner will be able to describe bone physiology and healing, how they apply to bone fusion and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the available bone grafting materials and substitutes.
  • Learner will be able to describe the basic biomechanics of spinal implants.
  • Learner will be able to demonstrate appropriate patient counseling and ability to obtain informed consent.
  • Learner will be able to describe the use of safety checklists (e.g., surgical site infection) and other safety measures for minimizing complications in spinal deformity surgery.
  • Learner will be able to describe principles of managing blood loss in spinal deformity surgery.
  • Learner will be able to describe the advantages and disadvantages of current modalities for neuromonitoring and response algorithms.
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Growth of the Spine and Influence of Spinal Deformity - Federico Canavese, MD, PhD & Alain Dimeglio, MD

Spine Biomechanics - Carl-Eric Aubin, MD

Bone Healing, Fusion Biology and Prerequisites on How to Achieve a Solid Fusion - Alpaslan Senkoylu, MD

Assessment of Maturation - James O. Sanders, MD

Sagittal Alignment of the Spine - Pierre Roussouly, MD

Seeing the Spine in 3D - Jean Dubousset, MD

New Trends in Imaging to Evaluate 3D Spinal Deformity - Kariman Abelin-Genevois, MD, PhD

Current Validated Tools for Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment and Its Purpose - Haluk R. Berk, MD

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring - Kenneth MC Cheung, MD

Quality and Safety in Spine Surgery - Marinus De Kleuver, MD, PhD

Clinical Evaluation of the Patient with Spine Deformity - Alpaslan Senkoylu, MD